Domestic repatriation

The AM repatriated one ancestor to the Jali LALC (Ballina), one ancestor to the Githabul Native Title PBC and four ancestors to the Mudgee LALC. Research was also undertaken which has further clarified provenance for other ancestors.

MAGNT repatriated 14 secret sacred objects from Arnhem Land and 24 secret sacred objects from Papunya to their traditional custodians. A further 29 secret sacred objects from Arnhem Land were also identified for repatriation.

Three ancestors and three secret sacred objects were returned to the Mappoon community. 19 engraved rocks located at the Griffith University Nathan campus were relocated to a safe location within the campus grounds, until they are able to be returned. 

SAM returned 45 ancestors for reburial to the Wankangurru Yarlunyandi, Narungga and Far West Coast Communities as well as eight secret sacred objects to traditional custodians at Yuendumu. Further research was also undertaken which confirmed the provenance of 27 Nukunu ancestors.

TMAG returned 14 petroglyphs to Preminghana in November 2022. Initial works were undertaken in relation to the return of the Greene’s Creek petroglyphs.

In late 2021, the Museum received a request from the Mirning community for the return of nine Ancestors. A request from the Mirning Traditional Lands Aboriginal Corporation (MTLAC) was subsequently made to undertake a visit to the Eucla area to assess possible locations for a re-burial event This visit resulted in the identification of a location near Eucla for the re-burial of ancestors from the immediate area and addressed suggestions to consider a second re-burial location for ancestors recovered from further west.

In May 2022, the AM returned three Wellington ancestors to community for reburial on Country. The AM reviewed its holdings and developed new master documents for the ancestors and objects they are caring for as well as creating a digital file for each ancestor (351 in total). During the year, the AM also conducted community meetings and consultations to support future repatriations.

The MV continued its discussions with the Barengi Gadjin community and the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council regarding a joint repatriation ceremony for a future return of ancestors.

The QM repatriated ten ancestors and ten secret sacred objects to Lardil, Yangkaal, Gangalidda, Garawa and Kaiadilt communities in June 2022. The QM also completed construction of a lifting platform to support the physical relocation of a Burnett River Rock engraved boulder which were due to return to Country in late 2022.

SAM returned 61 hair and blood samples to the Tasmanian Aboriginal Corporation. The remains of one ancestor was returned to the Maralinga Tjarutja community and the ancestor was reburied on Country in November 2021.

In December 2021, SAM supported the Kaurna community to rebury 134 Kaurna ancestors at the northern mound of the cemetery within the Smithfield Memorial Park grounds.

In addition, a further 220 Kaurna ancestors from the western areas of Adelaide were reburied in the western mound of the Memorial Park in June 2022.

WAM met with the Wajarri Yamatji Working Group to provide further information on the provenance of ancestors. During this process WAM was able to identify a number of family groups to work with to further progress discussions on the repatriation of ancestors.

TMAG undertook consultations with the Pakana community and also packed and crated 15 Petroglyphs ready for their return. TMAG progressed work on the logistical arrangements for transporting the Petroglyphs to the site on Country. The community also undertook preparations at the site, with the return of the Petroglyphs being planned for November 2022.

TMAG returned 14 Pakana/Palawa ancestors to representatives of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre in September 2021.

MAGNT repatriated eight objects in June 2022. MAGNT worked with the Traditional Owners from the Tjukurla and Kintore communities to return six objects; and legal title for two objects was transferred to the Traditional Owners of Docker River.

The MAGNT successfully repatriated 68 objects from its collection to the Warlpiri people of the Yuendumu community. The senior men from the community celebrated the return of the objects and welcomed home the objects to their Country. The secret sacred objects are now stored safely in a nearby location under the protection of senior men.

COVID 19 related lockdowns and travel restrictions prevented the Museum from visiting communities. However, MV continued its discussions with the Barengi Gadjin community and the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council regarding a joint repatriation ceremony of ancestors once restrictions ease.

The NMA engaged an Indigenous Records Management Officer to research and collate information on objects held in the NMA’s care. This work also included upgrading the NMA’s storage to prevent inappropriate viewing and ensure preservation of the objects.

QM successfully repatriated five Petroglyphs* from the Brooweena Historical Society in Maryborough back to their original place of carving in Bundaberg. The collaborative project saw them work closely with the Traditional Custodians from the area as well as the University of Queensland and Griffith University to successfully deliver this project.

*Petroglyphs are rock engravings that have spiritual and cultural significance to Indigenous Australians.

SAM continued its work on transferring ancestors back to communities in Tasmania. As a result, 134 hair samples were able to be returned to the Tasmanian Aboriginal Corporation.

TMAG continued its work with the Tasmanian Aboriginal community on the repatriation of a Preminghana Petroglyph and its return to Country. This involved numerous consultations with the community as well as working with an engineering company and transport specialists to determine the most suitable way to relocate the Petroglyph.

WAM returned ancestors to their community in Esperance. They continued to work with the community to establish community protocols and to find appropriate burial places for another two sets of ancestors who will return to their communities in late 2021.

The Australian Museum (AM) undertook a number of consultations with communities and representative organisations including commencement of initial consultations to inform communities in Mareeba, North Queensland and Mornington Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria of holdings of ancestors and secret sacred objects. The AM also engaged a consultant to complete research on a number of ancestors from Eastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.

The Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT) undertook a significant research project on Pintubi, Eastern and Western Arrernte material in the Strehlow Collection. MAGNT worked in close consultation with key senior men to review ceremonial song recordings as well as film and photographs to positively identify secret sacred objects. MAGNT also undertook over 175 hours of consultations with key senior men during the year to support further repatriation work.

Stakeholder consultation was undertaken with the La Perouse community to inform and facilitate the return of ancestors to community. The National Museum of Australia (NMA) also undertook consultation with the Kimberley Aboriginal Law and Cultural Centre (KALACC) to progress discussions on the return of 15 secret sacred objects. At the request of the community the objects will be cared for by the NMA. The NMA also updated their secret sacred objects data base with digitised archival records.

The Queensland Museum continued its work on the repatriation of the Burnett River sacred petroglyphs with the relocation of 15 sacred petroglyphs from Bundaberg to safe storage in preparation for repatriation to the Burnett River Community.

Stakeholder consultation with the Tasmanian Aboriginal Corporation (TAC) resulted in two community representatives from the TAC attending the South Australian Museum (SAM) to participate in the formal handover of six casts of Aboriginal ancestors with provenance to Tasmania. Five of the six casts were from three known individuals and were made as direct transfers from each person's face in the 19th century. The casts have now been returned to traditional custodians in Tasmania. SAM also hosted a number of community visits by groups of senior Central Australian men to SAM, undertook consultations, fieldwork and reburial planning with the Barngarla, Narungga, Kaurna and Kokatha Aboriginal Corporations to support ongoing repatriation activities.

The Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG) completed an audit of the ancestors and secret sacred objects currently in its care. As part of the audit on secret sacred objects, TMAG also facilitated a viewing of Central Australian ceremonial objects by Senior Arrente Elders and engaged a Tasmanian Aboriginal cultural consultant to support the project.

The Western Australian Museum (WAM) facilitated the return to Country of two ancestors to the Dambimangarri community for reburial on Country around Kunmunya and Macdonald Range in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. This was the result of working in partnership with the Dambimangarri Rangers and Kimberley Aboriginal Law and Cultural Centre. Three ancestors were reburied in the Murchison area at Chilimony, Wagoe Farm and Lucky Bay in partnership with the Geraldton Office of the Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage and conducted by Traditional Custodians from the Hutt River Working Group. WAM repatriated a female ancestor to a location in the Leeuwin-Naturaliste area of Western Australia's south-west. The ancestor was removed from a cave in the early 1960s. In consultation with the South West Land and Sea Council's South West Boojarah Working Group and the Undalup Association, the ancestor was reburied in the same location from where she was originally removed.

The Australian Museum had a successful year repatriating 11 ancestors to communities in NSW. This was achieved with the collaboration of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage.

The Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory completed research with senior Elders from the Eastern Arrernte Community that resulted in the documentation of 27 highly significant sites relating to sacred objects held in the Strehlow Research Centre collection. This research will inform the repatriation of 25 Therereta sacred objects back to Community.

The National Museum of Australia conducted consultations to support the repatriation of 28 ancestors across NSW, South Australia and the Northern Territory.

In May 2019 the Queensland Museum completed phase two of the repatriation of the Burnett River sacred petroglyphs. Five sacred petroglyphs from Bundaberg were relocated to safe storage in preparation for repatriation to the Burnett River Community.

On 1 August 2019, the South Australian Museum returned five Kaurna Old People to traditional custodians for burial at Holdfast Bay. The return to Country ceremony also included six Kaurna Old People returned from the Natural History Museum in London in March 2019 under the international element of the Program.

The South Australian Museum held a Repatriation Consultative Forum on 18 October 2018 that was attended by over 50 Traditional Owners representing Aboriginal communities from across South Australia. The forum enabled discussion between communities and government agencies to guide future repatriation activities.

The South Australian Museum also worked in partnership with the Western Australian Museum and communities in Western Australia to return seven ancestors. In September 2019 the ancestors were transferred to the Western Australia Museum for temporary care until they can be returned to Country.

The Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG) completed research in partnership with the Strehlow Research Centre in the Northern Territory to support the repatriation of secret sacred men's objects back to the Northern Territory. TMAG also undertook consultations with its Tasmanian Aboriginal Advisory Council to develop a strategy to manage the repatriation of 12 Tasmanian Aboriginal ancestors of poor provenance.

In October 2018, the Western Australian Museum returned the remains of a Tjiwarl ancestor to the community of origin in the Goldfields of WA. The Community undertook a Ceremony where they respectfully laid the Ancestor to rest in the historic Sir Samuel cemetery.

In 2018–19 consultations were also undertaken with eight communities across Western Australia to progress the repatriation of ancestors back to community.